W European History (general)
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The Hanseatic League was made up of several German merchants and helped establish trade throughout northern Europe. more...
Nicolaus Copernicus, Leonardo Da Vinci, Johannes Gutenburg, Niccolo Machiavelli and Martin Luther were five people who changed the European Renaissance. more...
Daily life during the European Renaissance reflected the great changes in politics, learning, religion and art. more...
The Protestant Reformation was established in Europe by Martin Luther. The Counter Reformation followed by Wars of Religion in France. more...
European Intellectual Movements
Humanism, the Scientific Revolution, the Enlightenment and Romaniticism all helped shape societies in Western Euope, as well as the world at large. more...
Ignatius of Loyola establishes the Jesuit Order to stop the spread of Protestantism in the 16th Century. more...
Romantic literature focuses on nature, emotion, love and fear. Romantic writers include Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, William Wordsworth, Mary Shelly and Emily Bronte. more...
All feature articles in W European History (general)
While the tragic story of Elizabeth I condemning the beloved Scottish Queen tugs at our heartstrings; the emotionally broken Queen of England could not have shown mercy. more...
Court Jesters in Western Europe
By:
Isaac M. McPhee
Though many modern perceptions of historical events tend to get shrouded or distorted with the passing of time, the person of the jester has remained surprisingly intact. more...
The Worst Penal Colonies Worldwide
By:
Isaac M. McPhee
Penal colonies were places where many civilized societies prior to the nineteenth century would send criminals in order for punishment and to use them for cheap labor. more...
Donald Oig "Liberator of London"
Legend abounds in Scotland, and the story of Donald Oig who defeats an Itallian for the English in London, is a fun classic. more...
Francis Bacon and The New Organon
By: James Hogan
Francis Bacon's book, The New Organon, analyzed errors in the natural philosophy of the early 17th century and laid out the framework of modern science. more...
Renaissance alchemists did more than try to make gold. One invented refrigeration and a submarine, all because of a substance found in barnyard dung. more...
Venice: Longest Lasting Republic
By: Thomas Quinn
Venice combined business prowess, backed by naval power, with her unique form of republican government to create the most enduring independent state in history. more...
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